Talking about stamping die Abstract: Stamping - at room temperature, the use of the mold mounted on the press to the material pressure, resulting in separation or plastic deformation, so as to obtain the required parts of a pressure processing method.
This article is mainly about the mold some historical background and the current status and trends, as well as large stamping dies in the automotive applications.
Keywords: stamping touch, CAD / CAM 1 Introduction to stamping die 1.1 stamping die history and background Cold stamping process in our country has a long history.
According to the literature, the working people in our country discovered the performance of metal with hammer deformation far from the bronze period. By the time of the Warring States Period (403 ~ 221 BC), the swords were refined and quenched.
Our ancestors had mastered the technology of hammering metal-made weapons and various commodity products 2300 years ago.
During the long period of feudal society, the working people in our country showed amazing craftsmanship and superb artistry in the production of gold, silver and bronze decorations and daily necessities. It was amazing.
In the modern era, from the 1920s, metal products, toys, hardware and other industries started to use the simple mechanical equipment such as punching machines and presses and the corresponding blanks or parts of mold processing products. The "knife edge mold" For blanking, punching, "docking mold" can be used for metal stretching.
Due to the relatively low productivity, technical level is not enough, when the plant used stamping equipment power is not large, or even most of the pedal pedal.
Mold processing industry to hand-based, so the mold accuracy is not high, the damage rate.
Until the early 1940s, hydraulic punch die appeared.
After the joint venture between the public and private sectors in the 1950s, more precision equipment such as grinding machines, milling machines and sawing machines was added, coupled with more precise measuring equipment such as hardness tester, OD caliper and block gauges. The precision of cold-punching die was improved.
Sixties and seventies, with the large number of products used in stamping machine tools, cold stamping dies from the original single punch blanking, single-punching die development for blanking, punching composite die.
At the same time due to the emergence of standard die stamping die, die design structure to diversify the form, thus improving accuracy.
At the same time, with the improvement of heat treatment technology and testing means, the service life of cold die increased by 5 to 7 times.
This period, but also due to forming grinding, electric pulse and wire cutting machine and other machines have been used, and the use of carbide as a mold material, the production process of cold stamping mold has been a new development.
Designers to improve the molding process, with automatic feeding, automatic management of the film and then a large number of composite die device come out.
After the introduction of mold milling machine, with plaster, wood or in-kind can be turned out of the same shape of the core, so that the production of a complex drawing die a lot easier to ensure accuracy.
70 years later, the use of oblique line cutting machine processing cold stamping die, the punch (die) and die can be quenched and then re-cutting assembly, replacing the original cold die making need heat treatment - assembly - deformation correction of the tedious process , The accuracy of the mold can reach 0.01mm.
It can be said that during this period the rapid development of China's mold industry.
1.2 stamping mold development status and trends 1), the development status of stamping die Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid development of the national economy, the market demand for mold continues to grow.
In recent years, the mold industry has been rapid growth of about 15% growth rate, the mold industry has also undergone major changes in the composition of all components, in addition to state-owned professional mold factory, the collective, joint ventures, sole proprietorship and private have also been rapid development.
Zhejiang and Huangyan in Ningbo, "the hometown of molds"; some large group companies in Guangdong and the rapid rise of township enterprises, Kelon, the United States, Konka and other groups have set up their own mold manufacturing center; Sino-foreign joint ventures and wholly foreign-owned mold enterprises are Thousands already
With the accelerating pace of international standards and increasing competition in the market, people are increasingly aware of the importance of product quality, cost and ability to develop new products.
Mold manufacturing is one of the most basic elements of the whole chain. Mold manufacturing technology has become an important indicator to measure the level of a country's manufacturing industry and to a large extent determines the living space of an enterprise.
In recent years, many mold companies have increased investment in technological progress, the technological progress as an important impetus to the development of enterprises.
Some domestic mold enterprises have popularized two-dimensional CAD, and gradually started to use UG, Pro / Engineer, I-DEAS, Euclid-IS and other international software, some manufacturers also introduced Moldflow, C-Flow, DYNAFORM, Optics and MAGMASOFT Such as CAE software, and successfully applied in the design of stamping die.
Although the mold industry in China has made remarkable progress over the past decade or so, there are still many gaps in many aspects compared with the developed countries.
Mold product level and the overall level of production technology is much lower than the international advanced level, but the mold production cycle is much longer than the international advanced level.
Low level of products mainly in accuracy, cavity surface roughness, life and mold complexity; low level of technology mainly in the design, processing, technology and equipment and so on.
Weak development, poor economic efficiency.
China mold enterprises a lower proportion of technical staff, the level is also low, do not attach importance to product development, often in the passive position in the market.
Each domestic worker creates an average annual mold output value of about 10,000 US dollars, while the mold industry developed countries are mostly 15-20 million US dollars, and some even reached 25-30 million.
As a result, China's mold enterprises have poor economic returns, mostly low profits, overall losses of state-owned enterprises and lack of stamina.
Mold standardization level and mold standard parts with low coverage.
Advanced countries use the standard mold parts coverage rate of 70% or more, the use of domestic standard mold parts coverage of only about 45%.
Compared with the international advanced level, mold enterprise management lags behind the technology.
Management is easy to overlook the backward, most domestic mold companies also follow the past extensive management style workshop, the real realization of modern enterprise management is not much.
There are many reasons for this gap. Apart from the fact that molds have not been valued as products for a long time, there are several main reasons as follows: First, the system is not smooth and the foundation is weak.
Although the "three sources" enterprises have played a positive role in promoting the development of China's mold industry, the private sector has developed rapidly in recent years and the reform of state-owned enterprises is under way. However, on the whole, the system and mechanism have not yet been adapted to the market economy, Coupled with the weak foundation of the domestic mold industry, therefore, the industry is still not satisfactory, in particular, the overall level and high-tech aspects.
Second, a serious shortage of personnel, research and development and technological research investment too little.
The mold industry is a technology-intensive and capital-intensive industry. With the progress of the times and the development of technology, there is an anomaly shortage of talents capable of mastering and using new technologies. There is also a shortage of senior mold fitters and business management personnel.
Due to the poor efficiency of mold enterprises and scientific research and development and technological research is not enough attention, so in general the mold industry in scientific research and development and technological research investment too little, private enterprises also affect the financial difficulties of many enterprises technological transformation, resulting in little scientific and technological progress .
Third, low level of technology and equipment, and supporting the poor, low utilization.
Although many domestic enterprises have adopted advanced processing equipment, the overall equipment level is still lagging behind that of foreign enterprises. In particular, the equipment numerical control rate and CAD / CAM application coverage rate are much lower than that of foreign enterprises.
Due to institutional and financial reasons, the introduction of equipment is not complete, equipment and accessories are not supporting the phenomenon is very common, low equipment utilization problems have not been better for a long time to solve.
Low level of equipment, bringing the proportion of fitter mold enterprises in China is too high and so on.
Fourthly, the degree of specialization, standardization and commercialization is low and the cooperation is poor.
For a long time by the "big and all," "small and all," the impact of many mold companies behind the concept of mold production enterprises specialized low level of specialized division of labor is not fine, the degree of commercialization is also low.
At present, the annual domestic production of molds, molds only account for about 45% of the rest for the production for own use.
Poor cooperation between mold companies, it is difficult to complete a larger set of tasks complete sets of molds, compared with the international standards to many backward.
Mold standardization level is low, the use of standard parts with low coverage also have a greater impact on the quality of the mold, the cost of the mold manufacturing cycle, particularly affected.
Fifth, mold materials and related technology behind the mold.
Mold material properties, quality and variety often affect the quality of molds, life expectancy and cost, compared with imported steel mold steel imports, whether it is quality or variety specifications, there is a big gap.
Plastic, sheet, equipment and other poor performance, but also a direct impact on the level of mold improvement.
2), the development trend of the development of the mold industry is the key to manufacturing mold technology, related personnel and mold materials.
The development of mold technology is the most crucial factor in the development of mold industry and its development direction should be to meet the requirements of mold products with short delivery time, high precision, good quality and low price. Development of the following: 1, the full promotion of mold CAD / CAM / CAE technology: With the development and progress of microcomputer software, popularize the conditions of CAD / CAM / CAE technology has been basically mature, enterprises need to increase CAD / CAM technology training and technology Service, at the same time to further expand the scope of the application of CAE.Computer and network development can promote CAD / CAM / CAE technology across regions, across enterprises, across the campus in the promotion of the entire industry, to achieve the reorganization of technical resources, virtual manufacturing Is possible 2. Mold scanning and digitization system: High-speed scanner and mold scanning system with the model or physical scan to the desired model to achieve the desired number of functions, which can greatly shorten the mold development cycle. The rapid scanning system installation In the existing CNC milling machine and machining center, you can achieve rapid data acquisition,